System of electrical precipitation



May'27, 1930. c. s. WEYANDT I SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL PRECIPITATION FiledNov. 21, 1923 Ill/111114.

reamed Ma- 21,1930 f an STATES PATENT oFFica GARL 8. 'W'EYAND'I, OF

rrrrsnnnqnz, rnmi's'rnvaivm, Assrenoa r srnraon coriramr, A. CORPORATIONor DELAWARE SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL PRECIPITATION Application filedHovember a1, 1923. Serial 1%. 676,180.

My invention relates to systems of electrical precipitation andparticularly to systems in which an electrically charged electrode isperiodically vibrated or agitated.

' One object of my invention is to provide an automatic system forperiodically vibrating or agitating a charged conductor or electrodethat is suspended or otherwise disposed in the path of a current of airor gas whereby any particles that may be deposited on the conductor orelectrode shall be dislocated to prevent the continuous deposits andformation of a film by the particles removed from the air or 'gas. 1

Another object of my invention is to pro vide a system of the aboveindicated character containing rectifying control devices and means forrendering them eifective to control a vibrating memberonly during anoperating interval. i

Other objects of'my invention are to provide a simple and inexpensivesystem of. control whereby the vibrating or agitating member shall beperodically rendered effective to vibrate the electrode for apredetermined interval of time, after which the vibrating member shallbe rendered ineflt'ective in order to permit the electrode to remain ina state of rest.

In systems of electrical precipitation, in

which a charged conductor or electrode is disposed in the path of acurrent of air or gas, the conductor or electrode may be constructed indilferent forms or provided with extending D '35 portionsthat tend tocollect and retain the particles that have been removed from sus'-'pension in the air or gas.

The collection of such particles on the electrode tends to reduce theeficiency of the sys- 4@ term and introduces a liability ofshort-circuit conditions between the electrode and the walls of theprecipitation chamber which constitute an electrode of. oppositepolarity, relative to that of the charged conductor or electrode.

In order to eliminate such tendency and the possible occurrence ofshort-circuit conditions, the charged conductor or electrode should bevibrated or agitated to dislodge the "collected particles. A vibrationfor a period of the order of thirty seconds at intervals of about thirtyminutes appears to be satisfactory. .Such intervals of operation willdepend, of course, upon the particular construction employed in theelectrode.

In practicing my invention, I utilize a vibrator of any suitablecharacter, such for example as a reciprocating electric motor which maybe of the type described and claimed in my co-pending application SerialYo. 541,519, filed July 26, 1922, which comprises a movable core membercontrolled by two solenoids and rectifying devices for al-' ternatelyenergizing the solenoids; or of the single coi-l type disclosed in myprior application, Serial No. 697,053, filed March 5, 1924. Therectifying devices are of the two element bulb type comprising afilament and a plate.

In order to obviate useless expenditure of energy in the bulbs whilethey are not needed to transmit energy to the solenoids, I provide amotor-operated switch to time the intervals of energization of the bulbfilaments to correspond to the intervals of operation of the vibratingmember.

Just priorto the time when the operation of the vibrating member isdesired the filaments are heated to render the bulbs effective totransmit current to the respective operatare de-energized at the end ofeach operating interval and until the next operating interval.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic viewillustrating schematically the disposition of a vibrator elementrelative to a charged electrode and the circuit connections forcontrollingthevibrator;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the ing coils which they control.The filaments I the sake of simplicity, as having smooth surshownsuspended from an insulator 12 supported by a bracket 13. 'The wall 10of the precipitation chamber 10 and the suspended electrode 11constitute the'two electrodes or terminals of a circuit between which astatic electric field is established.-

Although the electrode 11 and the wall 10 of the chamber 10 may beconstructed in different forms, as illustrated in Patents 895,729, datedAu 11, 1908, and 1,067,974 dated July have herein illustrated them forfaces.

The energizing circuit for the electrodes 10 and 11 is schematicallyillustrated as comprisin a generator 15, a transformer 16 and a suite lerectifying device 17. The energizing circuit ma take any of the formsknown to those skill .in the art.

The static charges impressed upon the electrodes 10 and 11 so influencethe particles suspended'in the air or gas traversing-the precipitationchamber as to cause them to be eposited upon one or the other of theelectrodes. Since the particles that are de osited on the electrodestend to impair the e ciency of the operation of the stem ofprecipitation, a v1 rating or agitatln device 18 is provided to vibratethe electro e 11 and dislodge the articles deposited thereon.

A though I dlscuss herein only the vibration of the suspended electrode11, it is to be understood that the wall 10 of the precipitation chambermay be simultaneously vibrated, if desired. The same method of controland the mechanism herein described may be eme vibrating device 18'comprises, for example, two operating coils or solenoids 19 an 20, amovable core member 21 controllable thereby, a guide 22 for the core andtwo hehcally wound resilient springs 23 and 24 to absorb the shock ofrelative movements between the coils and the core.

The magnetic circuits of the operating coils 19 and include laminatedmembers 25 and 26 and a casing 27, all of magnetizable metal. As eithercoil is energized, the coremember 21 is attracted thereby toward the tis 28 or 29 of the laminated members 25 an 26 to decrease the reluctanceof the magnetic circuit of the energized coil.

The core member 21 is suitably secured to 66 and suspended on theelectrode 11 through a Energy 1s supplied to the coils from a suitablesource, such as a commercial alternating current circuit 30, throughrectifying devices such as the two-element bulbs 32 and The filaments ofthe bulbs are heated by current derived from the circuit 30 through atransformer 34.

The filament of bulb 32 is.connected, as shown in Fig. 3, to oneterminal of coil 19 and the plate of bulb 33 is connected to oneterminal of coil 20. The other terminals of both coils are-joined and acommon conductor connects them to one of the contact fingers adapted tobe engaged by the segments 44. The other cont-act fingerassociated withsegment 44 is connected to conductor 37 of the circuit 30.

The other segment 43 controls a circuit which connects one terminal ofthe primary winding of the transformer 34, the filament of the tube 33and the plate or anode of the tube 32 to the conductor 38 of thecircuit.

In order to control periodically the energization of the filaments andof the operating coils of the vibrating member, I provide a motor 39, adrum or disc member 40 and suitable driving means therebetween, such asa pulley 41 and belt 42. Two segments 43 and 44 are disposed on theinsulating disc 40 and are arranged to engage two sets of correspondingcontact fingers, respectively.

The ratio between the respective diameters of the pulley 41 and the disc40 may be varied, according to the speed of the motor 39, to cause thesegments on the disc to engage their corresponding contact fingers atpredetermined intervals such as, for example, every thirty minutes.

The duration of theoperating period may be adjusted by varying thelengths of the segments 43 and 44.

Since the filaments of the bulbs must be heated before the bulbs willtransmit energy to the operating coils of thevibrating member.

18, the segment 43 that controls the energize-- tion of the filamentcircuits is disposed a few degrees in advance of the segment 44 thatcontrols the coil circuits. The filaments will therefore be heatedduring a short interval, and the bulbs will be ready to transmit energyii; the operating coils of the vibrating memr. Since the bulbs willtransmit energy only when the polarity of the filament is negative.

ent wave portions of the circuit current to the operating coils. V

For example, when the conductor 37 is positive relativeto the conductor38, the filament of bulb 32 will be positive relative to its plate andno current will traverse the bulb 32.

However, at the same time, the conductor 38 being of negative polarity,the filament of bulb 33 will be negative relative to its plate andcurrent will traverse the bulb 33. The current traversing bulb 33energizes coil to attract the core member 21 toward the coil 20. Sincethe core member 21 is relatively stationary, the coil structure rises asa unit on the core QIduring. the energization of coil 20.

It will be seen, upon reference to the diagram of the coil circuits inFig. 1, that the current traversing the bulb 33 energizes coil 20 only,since coil 19 is connected in circuit with the bulb 33 and must receivecurrent through that bulb.

As the current in the circuit alternates and the conductor 38 becomespositive relative to conductor 37, the filament of bulb 32 becomesnegative relative to its plate and transmits current which energizescoil 19: At this time the filament of bulb 33 is positive, beingconnected to conductor 38 and bulb 33 transmits the electrode 11 at afrequency corresponding to the frequency of alternation of the currentin the circuit for an interval of time depending upon the lengths of thesegments 43 and 44 and the speed of the motor 39.

By reason of the advanced position of the filament segments 43 relativeto the coil segment 44 the bulbs are rendered effective to transmitcurrent before the coil circuits become closed.

. After the predetermined interval of opera tion, the circuits of the.filaments are opened and the bulbs are rendered inefi'ective to transmitcurrent, thus precluding further energization' of the operating coilsuntil the next operating period.

The vibrating device is illustrated as suspended from one electrode. Inthe cement industry, a plurality of precipitation chambers, such as Ihave herein illustrated, are disposedto constitute a singleprecipitation unit. By properly joining the lower ends of the severalsuspended electrodes in the several chambers, to a common movablemember, a single vibrating device maybe applied to control all of theelectrodes of one precipitation unit.

I have herein illustrated and described the application of the controlmechanism to vibrating the suspended electrode ,to dislodge thecollected particles, but it may be similarly applied to control theperiodic energization of a reciprocating motor arranged to vibrate theelectrode 10 constituting the wall of the precipitation chamber bycausing the core 21 to strike the chamber wall through a rod controlledby the core and suitably disposed adjacent the wall of the chamber.

Although I have shown a device and system of one type for accomplishingthe result desired, various changes may be made there-v in withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in theappended claims.

I claim as my invention w 1. In an electric precipitator, thecombination with a vertically suspended conductor, of means forperiodically vibrating the conductor comprising an electromagneticreciprocating device, electroionic control means therefor, and means forperiodically energizing said control means.

2. ln an electric precipitator, the combination with a verticallysuspended conductor, of means for periodically vibrating the conductorcomprising a vibrating device, means for controlling the operationthereof, and a timing device for controlling the controlling I means.

3. In an electric precipitator, the combination with. a verticallysuspended conductor, of means for periodically vibrating the conductorcomprising a vibratinrr device, and automatic timing means forcontrolling the operation of said device.

4. In an electric precipit'ator, the combination with a verticallysuspended conductor, of v means for periodically vibrating the conductorcomprising a vibrating device, an electric valve. for controlling ltsoperatlon, and

means for energizing the valve.

5. In an electric precipitator, the combination with a verticallysuspended conductor, of means for periodically vibrating the conductorcomprising a device for periodically varying the tension in saidconductor, electroi-onic control means therefor, and timing means forfirst rendering the control means operative and then subjecting thetensionva'rying element to the influence of the control means.

6. In an electric precipitator, the combination with a verticallysuspended conductor,

of means for periodically vibrating the conductor comprising a devicefor impressing a periodic force upon the conductor, control means forsaid equipment, and means for first establishing an operative conditionin the control means and then subjecting the element to its control.

'7. In an electric precipitator, the combination with a verticallysuspended conductor, of means for periodically 'vibratin theconductor-comprising a vibrating device for the a conductor, a valve forcontrolling-the operation of the vibrating element, and a timing devicefor first energizing the valve and then subjecting the vibrating elementto its control.

tion with a vertically suspended conductor,

of means for periodically vibrating the conductor comprising a vibratingdevice embodying an operating coil for vibrating the conductor, anelectroionic valve disposed to control the circuit of'tlie coil, saidvalve embodying a filament, and a timing device for controlling thecircuit containing the valve and the operating coil of the vibratingdevice and the circuit containing the filament.

10. In an electric precipitator, the combination with a verticallysuspended conductor, of means for periodically vibrating the conductorcomprising a vibrating device embodying an operating coil for vibratingthe conductor, an electroionic valve disposed to control the circuit ofthe coil, said valve embodying a filament, a switch in circuit with thefilament, a switch in circuit with the operating coil, and means forperiodically closin said switches.

11. 11 an electric precipitator, the combination with a verticallysuspended conductor, of means for periodically vibrating the conductorcomprising a vibrating device embodying an operating coil for vibratingthe conductor, an electroionic valve disposed to control the circuit ofthe coil, sa1d valve embodying a filament, a switch in circuit withthefilament, a switch in circuit with the operating coil, and means forperiodically closing said switches for predetermined intervals of time.

12. In an electric precipitator, the combination with a verticallysuspended conductor,

of means for periodically vibrating the conductor comprising a vibratingdevice embodying an operating coil for vibrating the conductor, anelectroionic valve disposed to control the circuit of the coil, saidvalve embodying a filament, a switch in circuit with the filament, aswitch in circuit with the operating coil, and timing means forcontrolling said switches.

- 13. In an electric precipitator, the combination with a verticallysuspended conductor, of means for periodically vibrating the conductorcomprising a vibrating device embodying an operating coil for vibratingthe conductor, an electroionic valve disposed to control the circuit ofthe coil, said valve embodying a filament, a switch in circuit with thefilament, a switch in circuit with the operating coil, and timing meansfor controlling said switches comprising a movable drum, segmentsthereon, contact fingers for engaging said segments and a motor forimparting movement to said drum.

14. In an electric precipitator, the combination with a suspendedelectrode secured at one end, of means for vibrating the electrodecomprising means for alternately increasing and decreasing the tensionof the electrode by a force applied at the other end, along the line ofsuspension.

15. In an electric precipitator, the combination with a suspendedconductor, of means for periodically vibrating the conductor comprisinga vibrating device, means for controlling the operation thereof, and atiming device for controlling the controlling means.

16. In an electric precipitator, the combination with a suspendedconductor, of means for periodically vibrating the conductor comprisinga vibrating device and automatic timing means for controlling theoperation thereof.

17 In -an electric precipitator, the combination with a suspendedconductor, of means for periodically vibrating the conductor comprisinga vibrating device, an electric valve for controlling its operation, andmeans for energizing the valve.

. 18. The combination with a sus ended electrode of an electricprecipitator, o means for vibrating said electrode comprising a vibratorhaving relatively movable members, one of which is a winding and one ofwhich is a magnetizable member influenced thereby, and means suspendingone of said members upon said electrode.

19. An electric precipitator comprising a tubular electrode, acooperating electrode,

'electro-magnetic means, for vibrating saidtubular'electrorle, andelectro-magnetic means contained within said tubular electrode forvibrating said cooperating electrode.

20. In an electric precipitator, positive and negative electrodes, oneof said electrodes comprising a suspended conductor and a vibratingelement of electro-magnetic means adapted to vibrate and impart movementto said conductor.

21. An electric precipitator comprising an electrode, a cooperatingtubular electrode fixed with respect thereto, electro magnetic .meansfor'efli'ecting vibratory movement of said electrode. V I

22. In an electrical precipitator, a suspended electrode, a magnetizableelement mounted thereon, and electro-magnetic means having appreciablemass supported by said electrode adapted" for reciprocal relativemovement with respect to said magnetizable element whereby'fthe inertiaof said electromagnetic. means'efl'ects vibration of said electrode.

23. In an electrical precipitator, a susnded electrode, andelectro-magnetic means including a. part connected to said electrode anda second art having ap reciable 3 mass movable wit respect to said partand operable to impart vibratory movement to the latter.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 17th dayof November, 10 1923. CARL S. WEYANDT.

